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Jewish Collaboration |
See also: Category:Jewish collaborators with Nazi Germany.
Though Germany was trying to murder all Jews in the Holocaust, a minority of Jews chose to collaborate with the Germans.[145] The collaborators included individuals such as Gestapo collaborators Abraham Gancwajch[146] and Stella Kubler,[145] concentration-camp kapos like Eliezer Gruenbaum,[147] Judenrat (Jewish council) members and bosses such as Chaim Rumkowski,[145] and organizations such as Żagiew or Group 13 in the Warsaw Ghetto.[146] Similar Jewish individual and group collaborators of the Gestapo operated in other cities and towns across German-occupied Poland--Alfred Nossig in Warsaw,[148][149] Józef Diamand in Kraków,[150]Szama Grajer in Lublin.[151] Around early 1940s, Gestapo has been estimated to have had around 15,000 Jewish agents in Poland.[152]
Jewish agents helped the Germans in return for limited freedom and other compensations (food, money) for the collaborators and their relatives.[153] One of their assignments was to hunt down Jews who were in hiding; one of the most infamous cases involved about 2,500 Jews being lured out of hiding and subsequently captured by the Germans in the aftermath of the Hotel Polski affair in which Żagiew agents where involved.[152] Jewish collaborators also informed Germany's Gestapo of Polish resistance, including on its efforts to hide Jews.[154] and engaged in racketeering, blackmail, and extortion in the Warsaw Ghetto.[155][156]
During the war, some Jewish collaborators were executed by the Polish underground.[152] After World War II, a number of others were tried in Jewish transition camps and in Israel, though none of them received sentences of more than 18 months' imprisonment.[145][157]
Though Germany was trying to murder all Jews in the Holocaust, a minority of Jews chose to collaborate with the Germans.[145] The collaborators included individuals such as Gestapo collaborators Abraham Gancwajch[146] and Stella Kubler,[145] concentration-camp kapos like Eliezer Gruenbaum,[147] Judenrat (Jewish council) members and bosses such as Chaim Rumkowski,[145] and organizations such as Żagiew or Group 13 in the Warsaw Ghetto.[146] Similar Jewish individual and group collaborators of the Gestapo operated in other cities and towns across German-occupied Poland--Alfred Nossig in Warsaw,[148][149] Józef Diamand in Kraków,[150]Szama Grajer in Lublin.[151] Around early 1940s, Gestapo has been estimated to have had around 15,000 Jewish agents in Poland.[152]
Jewish agents helped the Germans in return for limited freedom and other compensations (food, money) for the collaborators and their relatives.[153] One of their assignments was to hunt down Jews who were in hiding; one of the most infamous cases involved about 2,500 Jews being lured out of hiding and subsequently captured by the Germans in the aftermath of the Hotel Polski affair in which Żagiew agents where involved.[152] Jewish collaborators also informed Germany's Gestapo of Polish resistance, including on its efforts to hide Jews.[154] and engaged in racketeering, blackmail, and extortion in the Warsaw Ghetto.[155][156]
During the war, some Jewish collaborators were executed by the Polish underground.[152] After World War II, a number of others were tried in Jewish transition camps and in Israel, though none of them received sentences of more than 18 months' imprisonment.[145][157]